Publications
2025 |
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NCD Countdown 2030 Collaborators 2025, ISBN: 0140-6736. @article{Bennett2025,
title = {Benchmarking progress in non-communicable diseases: a global analysis of cause-specific mortality from 2001 to 2019}, author = {NCD Countdown 2030 Collaborators}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01388-1}, isbn = {0140-6736}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-09-10}, abstract = {Summary Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have received substantial policy attention globally and in most countries. Our aim was to quantify how much NCD mortality changed from 2010 to 2019 in different countries, especially compared with the preceding decade and with the best-performing country in each region, and the specific NCD causes of death that contributed to change. Methods We used data on NCD mortality by sex, age group, and underlying cause of death for 185 countries and territories from the 2021 WHO Global Health Estimates. Our primary outcome was the probability of dying from an NCD between birth and age 80 years in the absence of competing causes of death, and was calculated using age-specific death rates from NCDs and lifetable methods. We calculated change in the probability of death as the difference between values in the final and first year of each period (2001\textendash10 and 2010\textendash19). For 51 countries with high-quality mortality data and 12 countries with large populations within their region, we used the Horiuchi method of decomposition to calculate how much specific causes of death and 5-year age groups contributed towards: (1) increases or decreases in NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019; (2) improvements or deteriorations compared with the preceding decade (2001\textendash10); and (3) differences from the country that had the largest reduction in each region. Findings From 2010 to 2019, the probability of dying from an NCD between birth and age 80 years decreased in 152 (82%) of 185 countries for females and in 147 (79%) countries for males; it increased in the remaining 33 (18%) countries for females and 38 (21%) countries for males. The countries where NCD mortality declined for females accounted for 72% of the world female population in 2019, and those where NCD mortality declined for males accounted for 73% of the world male population. NCD mortality declined in all high-income western countries, with Denmark experiencing the largest decline for both sexes and the USA experiencing the smallest decline. Among the largest countries in other regions, NCD mortality declined for both sexes in China, Egypt, Nigeria, Russia, and Brazil, and increased for both sexes in India and Papua New Guinea. On average, females in countries in the central Asia, Middle East and north Africa region had the greatest reduction in NCD mortality followed by those in central and eastern Europe. For males, the largest reduction was among countries in central and eastern Europe, followed by those in central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. The smallest declines were those in the Pacific Island nations. Circulatory diseases were the greatest contributors to declines in NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019 in most countries, with some cancers (eg, stomach and colorectal cancers for both sexes, cervical and breast cancers for females, and lung and prostate cancers for males) also contributing towards lower NCD mortality in 2019 than in 2010 in many countries. Neuropsychiatric conditions and pancreatic and liver cancers contributed towards higher NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019 in most countries. In some countries, NCD mortality in working and older (≥65 years) ages changed in the same direction leading to large overall declines or increases; in others, it changed in opposite directions, diminishing the magnitude of the overall change. In 75 (41%) of 185 countries for females and in 73 (39%) countries for males, the change in NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019 was an improvement (ie, larger decline, smaller increase, or reversal of an increase) compared with the change from 2001 to 2010. These countries accounted for 29% and 63% of the world female and male population, respectively, and included both sexes in Russia and Egypt, and males in China, India, and Brazil. Decadal changes saw a deterioration (ie, smaller decline, larger increase, or reversal of a decline) in the remaining 110 (59%) countries for females and 112 (61%) countries for males, including in both sexes in the USA, Nigeria, and Papua New Guinea, and females in China, India, and Brazil. Change from 2010 to 2019 saw deterioration in direction or size compared with the preceding decade for both sexes in most high-income western countries, most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and in east and southeast Asia, and for females in south Asia. There was a decadal improvement in the direction or size of change for many countries in central and eastern Europe (eg, Russia) and central Asia, and in parts of the Middle East and north Africa. Improvements or deteriorations in the direction or size of change in NCD mortality between the two decades resulted from multiple NCD causes of death. Among causes of death, the decline in mortality from circulatory diseases was smaller from 2010 to 2019 than from 2001 to 2010 in most countries, except in countries in central and eastern Europe and some countries in central Asia, where these declines were larger from 2010 to 2019 than from 2001 to 2010. Change in lung cancer saw a decadal improvement in many countries, especially for males, and many other cancers saw a mix of improvement and deterioration. Interpretation From 2010 to 2019, NCD mortality declined in four of every five countries in the world. These improvements were not as large as the preceding decade for most countries, driven by smaller declines in mortality from multiple NCDs. Funding UK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and NCD Alliance.}, keywords = {Non-Communicable Diseases}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Summary
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have received substantial policy attention globally and in most countries. Our aim was to quantify how much NCD mortality changed from 2010 to 2019 in different countries, especially compared with the preceding decade and with the best-performing country in each region, and the specific NCD causes of death that contributed to change. Methods We used data on NCD mortality by sex, age group, and underlying cause of death for 185 countries and territories from the 2021 WHO Global Health Estimates. Our primary outcome was the probability of dying from an NCD between birth and age 80 years in the absence of competing causes of death, and was calculated using age-specific death rates from NCDs and lifetable methods. We calculated change in the probability of death as the difference between values in the final and first year of each period (2001–10 and 2010–19). For 51 countries with high-quality mortality data and 12 countries with large populations within their region, we used the Horiuchi method of decomposition to calculate how much specific causes of death and 5-year age groups contributed towards: (1) increases or decreases in NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019; (2) improvements or deteriorations compared with the preceding decade (2001–10); and (3) differences from the country that had the largest reduction in each region. Findings From 2010 to 2019, the probability of dying from an NCD between birth and age 80 years decreased in 152 (82%) of 185 countries for females and in 147 (79%) countries for males; it increased in the remaining 33 (18%) countries for females and 38 (21%) countries for males. The countries where NCD mortality declined for females accounted for 72% of the world female population in 2019, and those where NCD mortality declined for males accounted for 73% of the world male population. NCD mortality declined in all high-income western countries, with Denmark experiencing the largest decline for both sexes and the USA experiencing the smallest decline. Among the largest countries in other regions, NCD mortality declined for both sexes in China, Egypt, Nigeria, Russia, and Brazil, and increased for both sexes in India and Papua New Guinea. On average, females in countries in the central Asia, Middle East and north Africa region had the greatest reduction in NCD mortality followed by those in central and eastern Europe. For males, the largest reduction was among countries in central and eastern Europe, followed by those in central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. The smallest declines were those in the Pacific Island nations. Circulatory diseases were the greatest contributors to declines in NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019 in most countries, with some cancers (eg, stomach and colorectal cancers for both sexes, cervical and breast cancers for females, and lung and prostate cancers for males) also contributing towards lower NCD mortality in 2019 than in 2010 in many countries. Neuropsychiatric conditions and pancreatic and liver cancers contributed towards higher NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019 in most countries. In some countries, NCD mortality in working and older (≥65 years) ages changed in the same direction leading to large overall declines or increases; in others, it changed in opposite directions, diminishing the magnitude of the overall change. In 75 (41%) of 185 countries for females and in 73 (39%) countries for males, the change in NCD mortality from 2010 to 2019 was an improvement (ie, larger decline, smaller increase, or reversal of an increase) compared with the change from 2001 to 2010. These countries accounted for 29% and 63% of the world female and male population, respectively, and included both sexes in Russia and Egypt, and males in China, India, and Brazil. Decadal changes saw a deterioration (ie, smaller decline, larger increase, or reversal of a decline) in the remaining 110 (59%) countries for females and 112 (61%) countries for males, including in both sexes in the USA, Nigeria, and Papua New Guinea, and females in China, India, and Brazil. Change from 2010 to 2019 saw deterioration in direction or size compared with the preceding decade for both sexes in most high-income western countries, most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and in east and southeast Asia, and for females in south Asia. There was a decadal improvement in the direction or size of change for many countries in central and eastern Europe (eg, Russia) and central Asia, and in parts of the Middle East and north Africa. Improvements or deteriorations in the direction or size of change in NCD mortality between the two decades resulted from multiple NCD causes of death. Among causes of death, the decline in mortality from circulatory diseases was smaller from 2010 to 2019 than from 2001 to 2010 in most countries, except in countries in central and eastern Europe and some countries in central Asia, where these declines were larger from 2010 to 2019 than from 2001 to 2010. Change in lung cancer saw a decadal improvement in many countries, especially for males, and many other cancers saw a mix of improvement and deterioration. Interpretation From 2010 to 2019, NCD mortality declined in four of every five countries in the world. These improvements were not as large as the preceding decade for most countries, driven by smaller declines in mortality from multiple NCDs. Funding UK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and NCD Alliance. |
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Metzler AB, Nathvani R, Sharmanska V, Bai W, Moulds S, Owoo NS, Fynn IEM, Muller E, Dufitimana E, Akara GK, Owusu G, Agyei-Mensah S, Ezzati M. Science of The Total Environment, 988 (179739), 2025. @article{AB2025,
title = {Unsupervised deep clustering of high-resolution satellite imagery reveals phenotypes of urban development in Sub-Saharan Africa}, author = {Metzler AB, Nathvani R, Sharmanska V, Bai W, Moulds S, Owoo NS, Fynn IEM, Muller E, Dufitimana E, Akara GK, Owusu G, Agyei-Mensah S, Ezzati M.}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179739}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-08-01}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {988}, number = {179739}, abstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions have urbanized extensively, leading to complex urban features with varying presence and types of roads, buildings and vegetation. We use a novel hierarchical deep learning framework and high-resolution satellite images to characterize multidimensional urban environments in multiple cities. Application of the model to images from Accra, Dakar, and Dar es Salaam identified areas with analogous patterns of building density, roads and vegetation. These included dense settlements within the metropolitan boundary (20\textendash54% of urban area), peri-urban intermix of natural and built environment (21\textendash44%), natural vegetation (9\textendash13%) and agricultural land (8\textendash15%). Kigali, with its mountainous geography and post-colonial expansion, exhibited unique urban characteristics including a sparser urban core (23%) and significant wildland-urban intermix (19% of vegetation). Other notable clusters were water (2% of area of Accra) and empty land (8\textendash10% of Accra and Dakar). Our results demonstrate that unlabeled satellite images with unsupervised deep learning can be used for consistent and coherent near-real-time urban monitoring, particularly in regions where traditional data are scarce.}, keywords = {urban environments}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions have urbanized extensively, leading to complex urban features with varying presence and types of roads, buildings and vegetation. We use a novel hierarchical deep learning framework and high-resolution satellite images to characterize multidimensional urban environments in multiple cities. Application of the model to images from Accra, Dakar, and Dar es Salaam identified areas with analogous patterns of building density, roads and vegetation. These included dense settlements within the metropolitan boundary (20–54% of urban area), peri-urban intermix of natural and built environment (21–44%), natural vegetation (9–13%) and agricultural land (8–15%). Kigali, with its mountainous geography and post-colonial expansion, exhibited unique urban characteristics including a sparser urban core (23%) and significant wildland-urban intermix (19% of vegetation). Other notable clusters were water (2% of area of Accra) and empty land (8–10% of Accra and Dakar). Our results demonstrate that unlabeled satellite images with unsupervised deep learning can be used for consistent and coherent near-real-time urban monitoring, particularly in regions where traditional data are scarce.
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Clark SN, Arku RE, Ezzati M, Bennett J, Nathvani R, Alli AS, Nimo J, Moses JB, Baah S, Hughes A, Agyei-Mensah S, Owusu G, Toledano M, Brauer M. Scientific Reports, (15), pp. 21403, 2025. @article{SN2025,
title = {Moving beyond the noise: geospatial modelling of urban sound environments in a sub-Saharan African city}, author = {Clark SN, Arku RE, Ezzati M, Bennett J, Nathvani R, Alli AS, Nimo J, Moses JB, Baah S, Hughes A, Agyei-Mensah S, Owusu G, Toledano M, Brauer M. }, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-06537-1}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-07-01}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {15}, pages = {21403}, abstract = {Cities encompass a mixture of artificial, human, animal, and nature-based sounds, which through long and short-term exposures, can impact on physical and mental health. Yet, most epidemiological research has focused on only transportation noise, leaving a significant gap in understanding the health impacts of other urban sound types, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a large-scale measurement campaign in Accra, Ghana, collecting audio recordings and sound levels from 129 locations between April 2019-June 2020. We classified sound types with a neural network model and then used Random Forest land use regression to predict prevalences of different sound types citywide. We then developed a composite metric integrating sound levels with the prevalence of sound types. Road traffic sounds dominated the urban core, while human and animal sounds were prominent in high-density and peri-urban areas, respectively. Our high-resolution approach provides a comprehensive characterization of the complexity of urban sounds in a major SSA city, paving the way for new epidemiological studies on the health impacts of exposure to diverse sound sources in the future.}, keywords = {urban environments}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cities encompass a mixture of artificial, human, animal, and nature-based sounds, which through long and short-term exposures, can impact on physical and mental health. Yet, most epidemiological research has focused on only transportation noise, leaving a significant gap in understanding the health impacts of other urban sound types, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a large-scale measurement campaign in Accra, Ghana, collecting audio recordings and sound levels from 129 locations between April 2019-June 2020. We classified sound types with a neural network model and then used Random Forest land use regression to predict prevalences of different sound types citywide. We then developed a composite metric integrating sound levels with the prevalence of sound types. Road traffic sounds dominated the urban core, while human and animal sounds were prominent in high-density and peri-urban areas, respectively. Our high-resolution approach provides a comprehensive characterization of the complexity of urban sounds in a major SSA city, paving the way for new epidemiological studies on the health impacts of exposure to diverse sound sources in the future.
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Song X, Zhou B, Baird S, Lu C, Song Z, Zhang Y, Wang R, Jiang J, Chen L, Liu J, Yuan W, Liu Y, Dang J, Hu P, Ma J, Dong Y, Song Y, Ezzati M, Sawyer SM. The Lancet child and Adolescent Health, 9 (8), pp. 530-543, 2025. @article{X2025,
title = {Trends and predictions to 2030 in demographic structures and metabolic health for children and adolescents in China: analysis of national school health surveys from 2000 to 2019}, author = {Song X, Zhou B, Baird S, Lu C, Song Z, Zhang Y, Wang R, Jiang J, Chen L, Liu J, Yuan W, Liu Y, Dang J, Hu P, Ma J, Dong Y, Song Y, Ezzati M, Sawyer SM.}, doi = { 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00140-3}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-06-19}, journal = {The Lancet child and Adolescent Health}, volume = {9}, number = {8}, pages = {530-543}, abstract = {Summary Background Understanding the changing metabolic health burden among children and adolescents is crucial for current and future public health resource allocation in China, particularly given rapid population ageing. We aimed to estimate trends in the metabolic burden in children and adolescents aged 7\textendash18 years from 2000 to 2030, using overweight, obesity, and hypertension as proxy indicators. Methods We extracted age, sex, height, weight, and blood pressure data for Han children and adolescents aged 7\textendash18 years, as recorded in five cycles of the Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health in the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019. We used demographic indicators reported by the Seventh National Population Census in 2020 to represent the demographic situation in 2019 and UN population estimates and projections for China to derive the national age structure from 2000 to 2030. We calculated the 2019 age-standardised prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, hypertension, comorbid overweight and obesity with hypertension, severe obesity, and severe hypertension. Direct standardisation was applied to adjust for the effect of changes in population structures and derive age-specific prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2030. A population development index that captures demographic trends while accounting for the influence of age structure was calculated from birth rate, death rate, and proportions of the population aged 0\textendash14 years and older than 65 years. Correlation coefficients (r) and corresponding p values for the association between the population development index and metabolic burden were calculated with general linear regression models. Multinomial regressions were applied to model age-specific and sex-specific prevalence rates as a function of time. We used decomposition analysis to evaluate the individual contributions of age-specific prevalence, age distribution, and population growth to the net change in case numbers. Findings The final analysis of national survey data included 1 106 416 observations. In 2019, the age-standardised prevalence rates were 21·5% (95% CI 21·3\textendash21·7) for overweight and obesity, 16·6% (16·4\textendash16·8) for hypertension, 5·5% (5·4\textendash5·6) for overweight and obesity with hypertension, 1·6% (1·5\textendash1·6) for severe obesity, and 2·1% (2·0\textendash2·2) for severe hypertension. China's population of children and adolescents aged 7\textendash18 years is predicted to decrease from 276 million in 2000 to 181 million in 2030 (\textendash34·4%). Between 2000 and 2030, we estimate increases of 39·0 million (180·6%) cases of overweight and obesity, 7·1 million (131·5%) cases of overweight and obesity with hypertension, 4·3 million (430·0%) cases of severe obesity, and 1·2 million (34·3%) cases of severe hypertension. Between 2000 and 2030, we estimate a slight decrease of 0·3 million (\textendash0·8%) cases of hypertension. A significant negative association between population development index and metabolic burden was observed for 2019 (r=\textendash0·485, p=0·0062) and projected for 2030 (r=\textendash0·417, p=0·020). Decomposition analysis indicated that rising age-specific prevalence is the primary driver of increasing numbers of metabolic cases, partially offset by population decline. Interpretation In the context of China's declining youth populations, increases in the prevalence, clinical severity, and absolute case numbers of overweight and obesity with hypertension signal a worsening metabolic health burden. Beyond public health policies to shape healthier lifestyle patterns, enhanced efforts are needed to prepare China's primary health-care system and optimise the allocation of paediatric health-care resources. Funding National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Natural Science Foundation, Peking University Talent Introduction Program Project, Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University, UK Medical Research Council, and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics at Imperial College London, funded by a donation from Community Jameel.}, keywords = {Child Health}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Summary
Background Understanding the changing metabolic health burden among children and adolescents is crucial for current and future public health resource allocation in China, particularly given rapid population ageing. We aimed to estimate trends in the metabolic burden in children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from 2000 to 2030, using overweight, obesity, and hypertension as proxy indicators. Methods We extracted age, sex, height, weight, and blood pressure data for Han children and adolescents aged 7–18 years, as recorded in five cycles of the Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health in the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019. We used demographic indicators reported by the Seventh National Population Census in 2020 to represent the demographic situation in 2019 and UN population estimates and projections for China to derive the national age structure from 2000 to 2030. We calculated the 2019 age-standardised prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, hypertension, comorbid overweight and obesity with hypertension, severe obesity, and severe hypertension. Direct standardisation was applied to adjust for the effect of changes in population structures and derive age-specific prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2030. A population development index that captures demographic trends while accounting for the influence of age structure was calculated from birth rate, death rate, and proportions of the population aged 0–14 years and older than 65 years. Correlation coefficients (r) and corresponding p values for the association between the population development index and metabolic burden were calculated with general linear regression models. Multinomial regressions were applied to model age-specific and sex-specific prevalence rates as a function of time. We used decomposition analysis to evaluate the individual contributions of age-specific prevalence, age distribution, and population growth to the net change in case numbers. Findings The final analysis of national survey data included 1 106 416 observations. In 2019, the age-standardised prevalence rates were 21·5% (95% CI 21·3–21·7) for overweight and obesity, 16·6% (16·4–16·8) for hypertension, 5·5% (5·4–5·6) for overweight and obesity with hypertension, 1·6% (1·5–1·6) for severe obesity, and 2·1% (2·0–2·2) for severe hypertension. China's population of children and adolescents aged 7–18 years is predicted to decrease from 276 million in 2000 to 181 million in 2030 (–34·4%). Between 2000 and 2030, we estimate increases of 39·0 million (180·6%) cases of overweight and obesity, 7·1 million (131·5%) cases of overweight and obesity with hypertension, 4·3 million (430·0%) cases of severe obesity, and 1·2 million (34·3%) cases of severe hypertension. Between 2000 and 2030, we estimate a slight decrease of 0·3 million (–0·8%) cases of hypertension. A significant negative association between population development index and metabolic burden was observed for 2019 (r=–0·485, p=0·0062) and projected for 2030 (r=–0·417, p=0·020). Decomposition analysis indicated that rising age-specific prevalence is the primary driver of increasing numbers of metabolic cases, partially offset by population decline. Interpretation In the context of China's declining youth populations, increases in the prevalence, clinical severity, and absolute case numbers of overweight and obesity with hypertension signal a worsening metabolic health burden. Beyond public health policies to shape healthier lifestyle patterns, enhanced efforts are needed to prepare China's primary health-care system and optimise the allocation of paediatric health-care resources. Funding National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Natural Science Foundation, Peking University Talent Introduction Program Project, Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University, UK Medical Research Council, and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics at Imperial College London, funded by a donation from Community Jameel. |
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Lee-Boey JS, Tan JK, Lim ZF, Zaccardi F, Khunti K, Ezzati M, Gregg EW, Lim LL. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: How it happens and future perspectives Diabetic Medicine, 42 (e70042), 2025. @article{JS2025,
title = {Obesity-related glomerulopathy: How it happens and future perspectives}, author = {Lee-Boey JS, Tan JK, Lim ZF, Zaccardi F, Khunti K, Ezzati M, Gregg EW, Lim LL.}, doi = {10.1111/dme.70042}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-04-14}, journal = {Diabetic Medicine}, volume = {42}, number = {e70042}, abstract = {Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is an emerging complication of excess adiposity. Its incidence rises alongside the obesity pandemic. Up to 40% of individuals can be affected by ORG, irrespective of the status of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria. ORG is a distinct histological diagnosis based on kidney biopsy, showing classical features of an enlarged glomerulus with and without focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the perihilar region seen with all categories of obesity. About 10% of individuals with ORG may progress to end-stage kidney disease. The invasive nature of kidney biopsy highlights the need for non-invasive biomarkers for improved screening, diagnosis and risk prediction of ORG. These biomarkers may narrow the gaps in the management of ORG by improving: (1) screening, diagnosis and differentiation of ORG from non-ORG conditions; (2) risk prediction and stratification of individuals at risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease including the detection of trajectories of progression; (3) monitoring of treatment safety and effectiveness and (4) development of novel therapeutic targets. In the present review, we discussed the pathophysiology, emerging biomarkers (such as kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1], uromodulin, klotho, circulating microRNA-21 [miR-21]) and future treatment strategies (metabolic surgery, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, incretin-based therapy and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists) of ORG.}, keywords = {Non-Communicable Diseases}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is an emerging complication of excess adiposity. Its incidence rises alongside the obesity pandemic. Up to 40% of individuals can be affected by ORG, irrespective of the status of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria. ORG is a distinct histological diagnosis based on kidney biopsy, showing classical features of an enlarged glomerulus with and without focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the perihilar region seen with all categories of obesity. About 10% of individuals with ORG may progress to end-stage kidney disease. The invasive nature of kidney biopsy highlights the need for non-invasive biomarkers for improved screening, diagnosis and risk prediction of ORG. These biomarkers may narrow the gaps in the management of ORG by improving: (1) screening, diagnosis and differentiation of ORG from non-ORG conditions; (2) risk prediction and stratification of individuals at risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease including the detection of trajectories of progression; (3) monitoring of treatment safety and effectiveness and (4) development of novel therapeutic targets. In the present review, we discussed the pathophysiology, emerging biomarkers (such as kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1], uromodulin, klotho, circulating microRNA-21 [miR-21]) and future treatment strategies (metabolic surgery, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, incretin-based therapy and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists) of ORG.
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Nathvani R, Cavanaugh A, Suel E, Bixby H, Clark SN, Metzler AB, Nimo J, Bedford-Moses J, Baah S, Arku RE, Robinson BE, Baumgartner J, Bennett JE, Arif AM, Long Y, Agyei-Mensah S, Ezzati M ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 221 , pp. 251-264, 2025. @article{R2025,
title = {Measurement of urban vitality with time-lapsed street-view images and object-detection for scalable assessment of pedestrian-sidewalk dynamics}, author = {Nathvani R and Cavanaugh A and Suel E and Bixby H and Clark SN and Metzler AB and Nimo J and Bedford-Moses J and Baah S and Arku RE and Robinson BE and Baumgartner J and Bennett JE and Arif AM and Long Y and Agyei-Mensah S and Ezzati M}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.01.038}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-02-14}, journal = {ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing}, volume = {221}, pages = {251-264}, keywords = {Urban Health}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Long Y, Bhalla K, Ezzati M Assessing bicycle safety risks using emerging mobile sensing data Travel Behaviour and Society, 38 , pp. 100906, 2025. @article{Y2025,
title = {Assessing bicycle safety risks using emerging mobile sensing data}, author = {Li Y and Zhang Y and Long Y and Bhalla K and Ezzati M}, editor = { }, |
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2024 |
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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Lancet, 404 (10467), pp. 2077-2093, 2024. (Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases) Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases @article{(NCD-RisC02024,
title = {Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants}, author = {NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02317-1}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-11-23}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {404}, number = {10467}, pages = {2077-2093}, keywords = {Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Xinli Song, Bin Zhou, Sarah Baird, Chunling Lu, Majid Ezzati, Li Chen The Lancet Public Health, 9 (12), pp. E1025-E1036, 2024. (Child Health, Non-Communicable Diseases) Child Health, Non-Communicable Diseases @article{Song2024,
title = {Trends and inequalities in thinness and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: evidence from seven national school surveys between 1985 and 2019}, author = {Xinli Song and Bin Zhou and Sarah Baird and Chunling Lu and Majid Ezzati and Li Chen }, doi = { 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00211-1}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-10-28}, journal = {The Lancet Public Health}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {E1025-E1036}, keywords = {Child Health, Non-Communicable Diseases}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Lancet, 404 (10455), pp. p851-863, 2024. (Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases) Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases @article{(NCD-RisC)2024bb,
title = {General and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in eight world regions: a pooled analysis of 837 population-based studies with 7·5 million participants}, author = {NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)}, doi = { 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01405-3}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-08-31}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {404}, number = {10455}, pages = {p851-863}, keywords = {Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Powers CI, Li L, Ezzati M, Buster JP, Ziegler CM, Spengler JD Chronic household air pollution and exposure patterns among Himalayan nomads Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiolgoy, Online ahead of print , 2024. @article{CI2024,
title = {Chronic household air pollution and exposure patterns among Himalayan nomads}, author = {Powers CI and Li L and Ezzati M and Buster JP and Ziegler CM and Spengler JD}, doi = {10.1038/s41370-024-00656-z}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-03-05}, journal = {Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiolgoy}, volume = {Online ahead of print}, keywords = {Air Pollution & Climate}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Lancet, 403 (10431), pp. 1027-1050, 2024. (Child Health, Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases) Child Health, Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases @article{(NCD-RisC)2024b,
title = {Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults}, author = {NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-02-29}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {403}, number = {10431}, pages = {1027-1050}, keywords = {Child Health, Methodology, Non-Communicable Diseases}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Wang J, Alli AS, Clark SN, Ezzati M, Brauer M, Hughes AF, Nimo J, Bedford-Moses J, Baah S, Nathvani R Environmental Research Letters, 19 (3), pp. 034036, 2024. (Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health) Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health @article{J2024,
title = {Inequalities in urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa: An empirical modelling of ambient NO and NO2 concentrations in Accra, Ghana}, author = {Wang J and Alli AS and Clark SN and Ezzati M and Brauer M and Hughes AF and Nimo J and Bedford-Moses J and Baah S and Nathvani R}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ad2892}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-02-27}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {034036}, keywords = {Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Yadav N, Sorek-Hamer M, Von Pohle M, Asanjan AA, Sahasrabhojanee A, Suel E, Arku R, Lingenfelter V, Brauer M, Ezzati M, Oza N, Ganguly AR Environmental Pollution, 342 , pp. 122914, 2024. (Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health) Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health @article{N2024,
title = {Using deep transfer learning and satellite imagery to estimate urban air quality in data-poor regions}, author = {Yadav N and Sorek-Hamer M and Von Pohle M and Asanjan AA and Sahasrabhojanee A and Suel E and Arku R and Lingenfelter V and Brauer M and Ezzati M and Oza N and Ganguly AR}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122914}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-02-01}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {342}, pages = {122914}, keywords = {Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Wells CD, Kasoar M, Ezzati M, Voulgarakis A Significant human health co-benefits of mitigating African emissions Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 24 (2), pp. 1025–1039, 2024. (Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health) Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health @article{CD2024b,
title = {Significant human health co-benefits of mitigating African emissions}, author = {Wells CD and Kasoar M and Ezzati M and Voulgarakis A}, doi = {10.5194/acp-24-1025-2024}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-24}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {1025\textendash1039}, keywords = {Air Pollution & Climate, Urban Health}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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